I doubt that anyone would be tempted to eat anything grown there just because it's such a regular spot for litter. But I definitely won't be growing peas or anything!
It's not sheltered but it is on the side of a hill so I think less light in the morning, but probably reasonably sunny most of the rest of the day.
It guerilla gardening it's always tempting to put in herbs like marjoram, thyme, that kind of thing, that like poor soil (that's what I meant). But they grow close to the ground and so are not a good idea, usually in public byways.
This is a long shot, but it might be a really interesting experiment:
Pictoral Meadows offer a turf designed for verges (no grasses, low-flowering plants). It would need mowing maybe once a year. No doubt some of the plants in the mix would do much better than others and eventually the balance would change.
Pictorial Meadows was a project headed by the University of Sheffield over 20 years ago, lead by Professor Nigel Dunnett. It is a collaboration designers, ecologists and horticulturalists. They were the company that provided the plants for the Tower of London flower moat and the Olympic Park meadows.
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It's not sheltered but it is on the side of a hill so I think less light in the morning, but probably reasonably sunny most of the rest of the day.