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New lawn from seed - when to sow?

I've dug up the previous dead lawn, flattened, spread top soil over the area that is going to be the new lawn which I will sow from seed. The days seems to be getting warmer but the nights can still be freezing. I wish to sow the lawn as soon as possible as the neighbouring cats are too keen to take up a new toilet facility. I live in Derbyshire DE56 area.
I wish I could garden all year round!
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Unfortunately, I totally understand the problem you mention. I had to net my new lawn area for several months, as I started mine early on [late autumn] when I decided to do it. It was then sown in June, but that might be harder for you if you don't get adequate rainfall. It germinates more rapidly when it's warmer, but you also need the moisture.
Most people sow in or around April to get the best of both worlds.
I live in west central Scotland - not where that photo is...
I would say that generally speaking after Mid March is probably your best bet.
What if, in mid-March, I've sown the seeds with daytime temperatures around 10 degrees celsius but nights are freezing cold - would that kill off the seeds?
https://www.rhs.org.uk/lawns/lawns-from-seed
You could certainly cover the ground in the meantime to prevent weeds sprouting etc.
I'm afraid it's virtually impossible to keep cats off it if they've a mind to use it *, however once the grass becomes established it will be less of a problem, and you can always re seed over any bare patches caused by them or lack of germination.
I believe l'm right in saying that if the soil is warm enough a few nights of temperatures below zero (say minus 1 to minus 4) shouldn't cause a problem, but l stand to be corrected by someone who knows more than me
*You could try a sonic cat deterrent ,there are several forum members who use them and can advise.
Even April can be too early here, but if in doubt - always wait. The odd cold night won't be a problem, but you need around two weeks for germination, then the conditions need to be decent enough for the grass to grow. The condition/type of your soil is also a factor. Heavy soil is more difficult as it doesn't warm up as easily, which slows down germination.
The netting I used wasn't terribly expensive. I got it online. It also lets light in and moisture, which helps when you want to sow the seed. I kept the netting on until the grass was well through.
I live in west central Scotland - not where that photo is...
"Have nothing in your garden that you don't know to be useful, or believe to be beautiful."