I think this is an Agave. Can't really be specific but probably Agave americana 'Variegata' (see e.g. https://www.gardenersworld.com/plants/agave-americana-variegata/ ). So not what you'd really call a bulb. The appearance at the base is typical of many of the 'monocotyledons' (single seed-leaf plants), with the bases of the leaves clasping a 'stem' which doesn't persist (compare, say, a tree where it does) - as the stem slowly extends with growth of new leaves, the old bit dies and new roots form higher up.
The small one is looking in decent shape - some dead roots but a new live root growing. As you'll see looking it up, it's a pretty hardy (and very large) succulent. Would appreciate outside in summer (but not winter). So as much light as possble, no need to keep particularly warm, and don't water too much.
My first thought with the original photos of the larger one, were 'not enough light' - it looks thin and floppy and stretching to the light, and they both look like they might be rather wet.
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Possibly not had enough light. It needs as much light as you can provide.