The stem could be the early signs of rose canker. If the leaves are coming from this branch, it could be starting to die back. But without seeing more of the leaves, it is hard to know if the leaves are dropping off due to this or black spot. Is the rose growing in a container or in the ground?
Thanks for the photo. I would say that is the beginning of black spot. It tends to happen to older weaker leaves near the bottom. Make sure you collect any fallen leaves and don't leave them sitting at the base of your plant.
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