Population growth/shrinkage is immensely complicated though and China is not the only country doing this (South Korea pays parents to have a second child and I believe Hungary also give benefits to parents who have larger families). Without doing this these countries would have to accept migrant workers from countries with higher birth rates in order to keep their economies buoyant and, as we know, this is often a very unpopular solution. The UK is close to being in a similar situation with falling birth rates here.
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