Nasturtiums are great for caterpillars and bees. If you buy plugs they will spread rapidly. Borage is almost essential for a bee garden too. Both will self seed freely
I think the best way to look at this kind of garden is to see what grows wild locally and expand on that so your increasing the forage for pollinators. Keep it fairly simple, as in lots of a few types of plant, but aim to have a long flowering season. Very early flowering plants can be the most beneficial types to grow if there's a lack of them around you.
If you want to make a proper meadow then you have to think about cutting times to promote seeding and growth while keeping down weeds. You can have spring flowers, then cut ready for late summer flowers, or summer flowers with a cut just before autumn then kept low over the winter. It's probably a bit OTT in the space you have though.
If you can keep your head, while those around you are losing theirs, you may not have grasped the seriousness of the situation.
If you try out various plants this year (like borage etc) you will get a good sense of what will be happy. Next year you can plant more of those. Try it as an experiment for now.
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